The QR2: An Electronic Buy-Sell and Verification System Using QR Codes

We present a protocol that couples blockchain technology with a data-storage system using QR codes. qr2layer is an information and verification system that operates both in physical-digital contexts and with fully digital assets. The protocol provides an auditable truth mechanism as well as origin, time, provenance, and ownership; it also supplies clear rules for asset transfer and information verification.

Each physical or digital asset receives a QR2 code that enables any party to locate the asset and verify its authenticity, origin, publication time, and status. Under this vision, the cryptologic method guarantees publication integrity, origin accountability, and transmission traceability; as a result, it changes how corporations create assets and limits government interference in economic transactions. Combined with information markets, the protocol enables a user-to-user marketplace for any material that can be sealed with QR codes.

1. Introduction

Each QR2 code is encoded with a payload and anchored to the chain through a cryptographic record bound to the holder's key, together with embedded metadata. The payload may include the asset identifier, origin, descriptors, transaction history, and monetary estimate. This anchoring provides a unique reference, public status, and proof of existence in a temporally ordered ledger. With this protocol, centralized taxation and fragile copyright are replaced by open cryptographic proof and market-compatible financing mechanisms. Direct payments are enabled through a user-to-user buy-sell system based on electronic money and no intermediaries.

2. Implementation, Standardization, and Stamping of QR2

QR2 codes must be applied to assets by protocol users, a process that requires an Issuance and Stamping Service for QR2, a mainnet for asset registration and verification, and clear format and security specifications. Achieving a global standard will ultimately determine the protocol's success. Built on the Solana network for its low per-transaction costs, the system is managed by the qr2layer Foundation, which oversees protocol rollout and international standardization. Within this framework, the Issuance Service generates the asset identifier, packages the payload, and produces the QR2 under verifiable policies, while the Registry layer publishes the reference to the public ledger and displays the asset's current status. The user client is responsible for managing keys, signing create, transfer, and revoke operations, and querying asset states. Finally, the verifier validates a QR2 from any device and retrieves verifiable evidence of authenticity and integrity.

3. QR2 Nodes and Metadata Fields

In the protocol, QR2 nodes are the logical entities responsible for issuing, anchoring, and verifying the states of assets referenced by QR codes. These nodes include the Issuance component, which handles identifier generation and payload encapsulation; the Registry, which publishes the asset's state to the public ledger; the Client or User interface, which manages cryptographic keys and digital signatures; the Verifier, which performs local checks and remote queries; and the Metadata repository, which is accessed by the public mainnet for user verification. The minimum payload fields include the asset's public key—unique within the protocol—the holder's public key or account reference, the publication timestamp, and, optionally, descriptions or licenses. Embedded metadata may also contain tags, asset classification, links, and statistical information. The asset lifecycle encompasses the initial issuance or registration of state, the transfer of ownership with a public record of the change, controlled updates to metadata, and eventual revocation, which marks the asset as withdrawn or compromised while maintaining a complete historical record. For peer-to-peer financing and markets, direct payments are facilitated through the QR2 token, enabling settlement between digital participants and ensuring full traceability to the original price.

4. Security Risks and Challenges for the Protocol

Primary risks include: falsification or duplication of physical labels and creation of copies of originally labeled assets; impersonation of ownership through compromised keys; reuse of stale states in offline environments; and exposure of sensitive metadata.

Mitigations include: tamper-evident materials for labels, key rotation, public auditing of state, and geographic replication of information. The protocol preserves pseudonymity by default with asset traceability and separates asset identifiers from personal data. It maintains compatibility with conventional QR through interoperability profiles, allowing instant registration as QR2 assets.

Issuance and evolution of QR codes are coordinated by the qr2layer foundation, with public APIs for issuance and transfer—also centrally and in coordination with corporations aggregated into the protocol.

5. Future Work and Addressing Protocol Challenges

In the first stage, the qr2layer foundation coordinates QR2 issuance and deployment with users and corporations. This initial centralization is transitional: as adoption grows and there are sufficient issuers and users, issuance, auditing, and incident resolution will gradually shift toward hybrid oversight with artificial intelligence (AI). In this vision, AI acts as an issuer and operations assistant. Its implementation prevents and detects anomalous patterns in scanning and verification activity. This approach reduces operational errors and speeds responses without ceding strategic control of the protocol. To prevent model capture or bias, the system will include periodic audits, decision traceability, and scope limits.

To combat counterfeits and replicas of physical and digital assets: each QR2 label is stamped with verifiable serialization; the stamped asset records manufacturing evidence and a visual extract of the marking associated with the asset's initial state. In the field, the verifier gathers reading telemetry, checks consistency between QR2 payload and published state, and compares visual markings. AI correlates these signals with historical fraud attempts to assign confidence levels and accept or deny QR2 codes. When a QR2 is invalidated, the protocol supervises and preserves history and marks the identifier as withdrawn.

Economic sustainability will rely on direct payments and retroactive funding based on real asset usage. This incentivizes responsible issuance and funds the operation of verifiers and nodes.

With AI capabilities, the system can proactively adjust issuance parameters, refine detection thresholds, and prioritize audits where fraud probabilities increase. Together, these measures address the proposed challenges and sustain a continuous-improvement cycle toward the protocol's global standardization.

6. Conclusion

We have proposed a system for registration, verification, and transfer of physical and digital assets that does not rely on trusted intermediaries. We start from digital signatures for ownership control and integrate them with QR2 codes that encapsulate the payload through a mainnet that verifies and reviews contracts.

The design assumes a sealing server, an application as a verification network for codes, and a public history stored in metadata. When QR nodes act, they provide a solid foundation for traceability and proof of existence.

On this basis, qr2layer aims to consolidate a global identification and verification standard for goods and digital assets, capable of supporting a user-to-user market through QR codes.